//! RocksDB database wrapper for Synor.
//!
//! Provides a typed interface to the underlying RocksDB instance.

use crate::cf;
use rocksdb::{ColumnFamily, ColumnFamilyDescriptor, DBCompressionType, Options, WriteBatch, DB};
use std::path::Path;
use std::sync::Arc;
use thiserror::Error;

/// Database configuration options.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct DatabaseConfig {
    /// Maximum number of open files.
    pub max_open_files: i32,
    /// Write buffer size in bytes.
    pub write_buffer_size: usize,
    /// Maximum number of write buffers.
    pub max_write_buffer_number: i32,
    /// Target file size for level-1 files.
    pub target_file_size_base: u64,
    /// Maximum total WAL size.
    pub max_total_wal_size: u64,
    /// Enable compression.
    pub enable_compression: bool,
    /// Block cache size in bytes.
    pub block_cache_size: usize,
    /// Enable statistics.
    pub enable_statistics: bool,
    /// Create database if missing.
    pub create_if_missing: bool,
    /// Number of background threads.
    pub parallelism: i32,
}

impl Default for DatabaseConfig {
    fn default() -> Self {
        DatabaseConfig {
            max_open_files: 512,
            write_buffer_size: 64 * 1024 * 1024, // 64 MB
            max_write_buffer_number: 3,
            target_file_size_base: 64 * 1024 * 1024, // 64 MB
            max_total_wal_size: 256 * 1024 * 1024,   // 256 MB
            enable_compression: true,
            block_cache_size: 128 * 1024 * 1024, // 128 MB
            enable_statistics: false,
            create_if_missing: true,
            parallelism: 4,
        }
    }
}

impl DatabaseConfig {
    /// Creates a configuration optimized for SSDs.
    pub fn ssd() -> Self {
        DatabaseConfig {
            max_open_files: 1024,
            write_buffer_size: 128 * 1024 * 1024,
            max_write_buffer_number: 4,
            target_file_size_base: 128 * 1024 * 1024,
            max_total_wal_size: 512 * 1024 * 1024,
            enable_compression: true,
            block_cache_size: 512 * 1024 * 1024,
            enable_statistics: false,
            create_if_missing: true,
            parallelism: 8,
        }
    }

    /// Creates a configuration for low-memory environments.
    pub fn low_memory() -> Self {
        DatabaseConfig {
            max_open_files: 128,
            write_buffer_size: 16 * 1024 * 1024,
            max_write_buffer_number: 2,
            target_file_size_base: 32 * 1024 * 1024,
            max_total_wal_size: 64 * 1024 * 1024,
            enable_compression: true,
            block_cache_size: 32 * 1024 * 1024,
            enable_statistics: false,
            create_if_missing: true,
            parallelism: 2,
        }
    }

    /// Creates a configuration for testing.
    pub fn for_testing() -> Self {
        DatabaseConfig {
            max_open_files: 64,
            write_buffer_size: 4 * 1024 * 1024,
            max_write_buffer_number: 2,
            target_file_size_base: 4 * 1024 * 1024,
            max_total_wal_size: 16 * 1024 * 1024,
            enable_compression: false,
            block_cache_size: 8 * 1024 * 1024,
            enable_statistics: true,
            create_if_missing: true,
            parallelism: 1,
        }
    }

    /// Converts to RocksDB Options.
    fn to_options(&self) -> Options {
        let mut opts = Options::default();
        opts.create_if_missing(self.create_if_missing);
        opts.create_missing_column_families(true);
        opts.set_max_open_files(self.max_open_files);
        opts.set_write_buffer_size(self.write_buffer_size);
        opts.set_max_write_buffer_number(self.max_write_buffer_number);
        opts.set_target_file_size_base(self.target_file_size_base);
        opts.set_max_total_wal_size(self.max_total_wal_size);
        opts.increase_parallelism(self.parallelism);

        if self.enable_compression {
            opts.set_compression_type(DBCompressionType::Lz4);
        }

        opts
    }
}

/// Database errors.
#[derive(Debug, Error)]
pub enum DbError {
    #[error("RocksDB error: {0}")]
    RocksDb(#[from] rocksdb::Error),

    #[error("Column family not found: {0}")]
    ColumnFamilyNotFound(String),

    #[error("Serialization error: {0}")]
    Serialization(String),

    #[error("Deserialization error: {0}")]
    Deserialization(String),

    #[error("Key not found")]
    NotFound,

    #[error("Database is closed")]
    Closed,

    #[error("Invalid key format")]
    InvalidKey,

    #[error("IO error: {0}")]
    Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
}

/// The main database handle.
pub struct Database {
    db: Arc<DB>,
    path: String,
}

impl Database {
    /// Opens or creates a database at the given path.
    pub fn open<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P, config: &DatabaseConfig) -> Result<Self, DbError> {
        let path_str = path.as_ref().to_string_lossy().to_string();
        let opts = config.to_options();

        // Create column family descriptors
        let cf_descriptors: Vec<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> = cf::all()
            .into_iter()
            .map(|name| {
                let mut cf_opts = Options::default();
                if config.enable_compression {
                    cf_opts.set_compression_type(DBCompressionType::Lz4);
                }
                ColumnFamilyDescriptor::new(name, cf_opts)
            })
            .collect();

        let db = DB::open_cf_descriptors(&opts, &path_str, cf_descriptors)?;

        Ok(Database {
            db: Arc::new(db),
            path: path_str,
        })
    }

    /// Opens a database in read-only mode.
    pub fn open_read_only<P: AsRef<Path>>(
        path: P,
        config: &DatabaseConfig,
    ) -> Result<Self, DbError> {
        let path_str = path.as_ref().to_string_lossy().to_string();
        let opts = config.to_options();

        let cf_names: Vec<&str> = cf::all();
        let db = DB::open_cf_for_read_only(&opts, &path_str, cf_names, false)?;

        Ok(Database {
            db: Arc::new(db),
            path: path_str,
        })
    }

    /// Returns the database path.
    pub fn path(&self) -> &str {
        &self.path
    }

    /// Gets a value by key from a column family.
    pub fn get(&self, cf_name: &str, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, DbError> {
        let cf = self.get_cf(cf_name)?;
        Ok(self.db.get_cf(cf, key)?)
    }

    /// Puts a key-value pair into a column family.
    pub fn put(&self, cf_name: &str, key: &[u8], value: &[u8]) -> Result<(), DbError> {
        let cf = self.get_cf(cf_name)?;
        self.db.put_cf(cf, key, value)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Deletes a key from a column family.
    pub fn delete(&self, cf_name: &str, key: &[u8]) -> Result<(), DbError> {
        let cf = self.get_cf(cf_name)?;
        self.db.delete_cf(cf, key)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Checks if a key exists in a column family.
    pub fn exists(&self, cf_name: &str, key: &[u8]) -> Result<bool, DbError> {
        let cf = self.get_cf(cf_name)?;
        Ok(self.db.get_cf(cf, key)?.is_some())
    }

    /// Creates a new write batch.
    pub fn batch(&self) -> WriteBatchWrapper {
        WriteBatchWrapper {
            batch: WriteBatch::default(),
            db: Arc::clone(&self.db),
        }
    }

    /// Writes a batch atomically.
    pub fn write_batch(&self, batch: WriteBatchWrapper) -> Result<(), DbError> {
        self.db.write(batch.batch)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Iterates over all keys in a column family.
    pub fn iter(
        &self,
        cf_name: &str,
    ) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = (Box<[u8]>, Box<[u8]>)> + '_, DbError> {
        let cf = self.get_cf(cf_name)?;
        let iter = self.db.iterator_cf(cf, rocksdb::IteratorMode::Start);
        Ok(iter.map(|r| r.unwrap()))
    }

    /// Iterates over keys with a given prefix.
    pub fn prefix_iter(
        &self,
        cf_name: &str,
        prefix: &[u8],
    ) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = (Box<[u8]>, Box<[u8]>)> + '_, DbError> {
        let cf = self.get_cf(cf_name)?;
        let iter = self.db.prefix_iterator_cf(cf, prefix);
        let prefix_owned = prefix.to_vec();
        Ok(iter
            .map(|r| r.unwrap())
            .take_while(move |(k, _)| k.starts_with(&prefix_owned)))
    }

    /// Gets multiple values by keys.
    pub fn multi_get(
        &self,
        cf_name: &str,
        keys: &[&[u8]],
    ) -> Result<Vec<Option<Vec<u8>>>, DbError> {
        let cf = self.get_cf(cf_name)?;
        let cf_keys: Vec<_> = keys.iter().map(|k| (cf, *k)).collect();
        let results = self.db.multi_get_cf(cf_keys);

        results
            .into_iter()
            .map(|r| r.map_err(DbError::from))
            .collect()
    }

    /// Flushes the WAL to disk.
    pub fn flush(&self) -> Result<(), DbError> {
        self.db.flush()?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Compacts the entire database.
    pub fn compact(&self) -> Result<(), DbError> {
        for cf_name in cf::all() {
            if let Ok(cf) = self.get_cf(cf_name) {
                self.db.compact_range_cf(cf, None::<&[u8]>, None::<&[u8]>);
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Returns database statistics if enabled.
    pub fn stats(&self) -> Option<String> {
        self.db.property_value("rocksdb.stats").ok().flatten()
    }

    /// Returns the approximate size of a column family in bytes.
    pub fn cf_size(&self, cf_name: &str) -> Result<u64, DbError> {
        let cf = self.get_cf(cf_name)?;
        let size = self
            .db
            .property_int_value_cf(cf, "rocksdb.estimate-live-data-size")
            .map_err(|e| DbError::RocksDb(e))?
            .unwrap_or(0);
        Ok(size)
    }

    /// Gets a column family handle.
    fn get_cf(&self, name: &str) -> Result<&ColumnFamily, DbError> {
        self.db
            .cf_handle(name)
            .ok_or_else(|| DbError::ColumnFamilyNotFound(name.to_string()))
    }

    /// Returns an Arc to the underlying database.
    pub fn inner(&self) -> Arc<DB> {
        Arc::clone(&self.db)
    }
}

impl std::fmt::Debug for Database {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct("Database")
            .field("path", &self.path)
            .finish()
    }
}

/// A wrapper around RocksDB WriteBatch with column family support.
pub struct WriteBatchWrapper {
    batch: WriteBatch,
    db: Arc<DB>,
}

impl WriteBatchWrapper {
    /// Adds a put operation to the batch.
    pub fn put(&mut self, cf_name: &str, key: &[u8], value: &[u8]) -> Result<(), DbError> {
        let cf = self
            .db
            .cf_handle(cf_name)
            .ok_or_else(|| DbError::ColumnFamilyNotFound(cf_name.to_string()))?;
        self.batch.put_cf(cf, key, value);
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Adds a delete operation to the batch.
    pub fn delete(&mut self, cf_name: &str, key: &[u8]) -> Result<(), DbError> {
        let cf = self
            .db
            .cf_handle(cf_name)
            .ok_or_else(|| DbError::ColumnFamilyNotFound(cf_name.to_string()))?;
        self.batch.delete_cf(cf, key);
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Returns the number of operations in the batch.
    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
        self.batch.len()
    }

    /// Returns true if the batch is empty.
    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.batch.is_empty()
    }

    /// Clears all operations from the batch.
    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
        self.batch.clear();
    }
}

/// Utility functions for key encoding.
pub mod keys {
    /// Encodes a u64 as big-endian bytes for lexicographic ordering.
    pub fn encode_u64(value: u64) -> [u8; 8] {
        value.to_be_bytes()
    }

    /// Decodes a u64 from big-endian bytes.
    pub fn decode_u64(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<u64> {
        if bytes.len() < 8 {
            return None;
        }
        let arr: [u8; 8] = bytes[..8].try_into().ok()?;
        Some(u64::from_be_bytes(arr))
    }

    /// Encodes a u32 as big-endian bytes.
    pub fn encode_u32(value: u32) -> [u8; 4] {
        value.to_be_bytes()
    }

    /// Decodes a u32 from big-endian bytes.
    pub fn decode_u32(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<u32> {
        if bytes.len() < 4 {
            return None;
        }
        let arr: [u8; 4] = bytes[..4].try_into().ok()?;
        Some(u32::from_be_bytes(arr))
    }

    /// Creates a prefixed key.
    pub fn prefixed_key(prefix: u8, key: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
        let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(1 + key.len());
        result.push(prefix);
        result.extend_from_slice(key);
        result
    }

    /// Creates a composite key from multiple parts.
    pub fn composite_key(parts: &[&[u8]]) -> Vec<u8> {
        let total_len: usize = parts.iter().map(|p| p.len()).sum();
        let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(total_len);
        for part in parts {
            result.extend_from_slice(part);
        }
        result
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use tempfile::tempdir;

    #[test]
    fn test_database_open_close() {
        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
        let config = DatabaseConfig::for_testing();

        let db = Database::open(dir.path(), &config).unwrap();
        assert!(db.path().contains(dir.path().to_str().unwrap()));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_put_get_delete() {
        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
        let config = DatabaseConfig::for_testing();
        let db = Database::open(dir.path(), &config).unwrap();

        // Put
        db.put(cf::HEADERS, b"key1", b"value1").unwrap();

        // Get
        let value = db.get(cf::HEADERS, b"key1").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(value, Some(b"value1".to_vec()));

        // Delete
        db.delete(cf::HEADERS, b"key1").unwrap();
        let value = db.get(cf::HEADERS, b"key1").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(value, None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_batch_operations() {
        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
        let config = DatabaseConfig::for_testing();
        let db = Database::open(dir.path(), &config).unwrap();

        let mut batch = db.batch();
        batch.put(cf::HEADERS, b"key1", b"value1").unwrap();
        batch.put(cf::HEADERS, b"key2", b"value2").unwrap();
        batch.put(cf::BLOCKS, b"block1", b"data1").unwrap();

        assert_eq!(batch.len(), 3);

        db.write_batch(batch).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(
            db.get(cf::HEADERS, b"key1").unwrap(),
            Some(b"value1".to_vec())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            db.get(cf::HEADERS, b"key2").unwrap(),
            Some(b"value2".to_vec())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            db.get(cf::BLOCKS, b"block1").unwrap(),
            Some(b"data1".to_vec())
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_exists() {
        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
        let config = DatabaseConfig::for_testing();
        let db = Database::open(dir.path(), &config).unwrap();

        assert!(!db.exists(cf::HEADERS, b"key1").unwrap());
        db.put(cf::HEADERS, b"key1", b"value1").unwrap();
        assert!(db.exists(cf::HEADERS, b"key1").unwrap());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_key_encoding() {
        let value: u64 = 12345678901234567890;
        let encoded = keys::encode_u64(value);
        let decoded = keys::decode_u64(&encoded).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(value, decoded);

        let value: u32 = 1234567890;
        let encoded = keys::encode_u32(value);
        let decoded = keys::decode_u32(&encoded).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(value, decoded);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_prefixed_key() {
        let key = keys::prefixed_key(0x01, b"test");
        assert_eq!(key, vec![0x01, b't', b'e', b's', b't']);
    }
}